Plant Care

Sedum — stonecrop — is the succulent genus that does everything. Some species creep flat across gravel like a living carpet. Others stand three feet tall and carry broccoli-sized flower heads that butterflies mob in September. A few trail from hanging baskets in ropes of plump beads. And one, Sedum reflexum 'Blue Spruce', looks so convincingly like a miniature conifer that people bend down to touch it. Last updated: October 2026 The main sedum varieties are 'Blue Spruce' (Sedum reflexum), burro's tail (Sedum morganianum), 'Autumn Joy', jelly bean plant (Sedum rubrotinctum), 'Angelina', Dragon's Blood (Sedum spurium), and coppertone (Sedum nussbaumerianum). Trailing types suit hanging baskets, upright types suit garden beds. All want full sun, gritty soil, and infrequent deep watering. They share one wonderful quality: they are almost impossible to kill by neglect. Sedums are the plants you put in the spot where nothing else survives — the hot strip beside the driveway, the shallow soil over a rock ledge, the pot you forget to water for a month. This guide covers 18 sedum varieties grouped by how you would actually use them, with a detailed section on 'Blue Spruce' since it is the variety people search for most, plus the care rules that apply across the genus. Deep dive: read our full Sedum reflexum 'Blue Spruce' care guide for watering, propagation and overwintering specifics. Understanding Sedums: Two Groups That Matter Before choosing varieties, know that sedums split into two functional groups with genuinely different behavior: Creeping / evergreen sedums Upright / border sedums Height 2–8 inches 12–36 inches Habit Spreading mats, trailing stems Clumping upright stems Winter behavior Evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage Die back to the ground; regrow each spring Best for Ground cover, rock gardens, green roofs, containers, walls Perennial borders, cut flowers, pollinators Botanical note Still classed as Sedum Many reclassified as Hylotelephium Examples 'Blue Spruce', 'Angelina', 'Dragon's Blood' 'Autumn Joy', 'Matrona', 'Purple Emperor' Sedum Names in 2026: Hylotelephium, Phedimus and Petrosedum If a plant tag says "Sedum" but a botanical garden calls the same plant something else, neither is wrong — they are just a few years apart. DNA-based studies (summarised in Messerschmid and colleagues' 2020 paper in Taxon) showed that the old, broad Sedum was not one natural group, so botanists moved several familiar stonecrops into separate genera. Nurseries and big-box stores still sell nearly all of them as "sedum", so search for both names when you shop. Sold as Current botanical name Group Habit Sedum 'Autumn Joy' Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' Hylotelephium Upright border clump Sedum spectabile, 'Brilliant', 'Matrona' Hylotelephium (spectabile and hybrids) Hylotelephium Upright border clump Sedum sieboldii (October daphne) Hylotelephium sieboldii Hylotelephium Low arching mound Sedum spurium 'Dragon's Blood', 'Tricolor' Phedimus spurius Phedimus Creeping mat Sedum kamtschaticum Phedimus kamtschaticus Phedimus Creeping mat Sedum reflexum / rupestre 'Blue Spruce', 'Angelina' Petrosedum rupestre Petrosedum Creeping needle-leaved mat Goldmoss, white stonecrop, burro's tail, jelly bean, coppertone Sedum acre, S. album, S. morganianum, S. × rubrotinctum, S. adolphi Still Sedum Mats and tender trailers So is 'Autumn Joy' still a sedum? In everyday gardening, yes — it is sold, labelled and grown as one. Botanically it is now Hylotelephium, and so are almost all of the tall, late-flowering "border sedums" in this guide. Care does not change with the name. Two naming traps worth knowing. Sedum nussbaumerianum (coppertone) and Sedum adolphi ('Golden Glow') are frequently mixed up; the International Crassulaceae Network treats nussbaumerianum as a synonym of adolphi, while nurseries still sell both names for slightly different-looking plants. And "donkey tail" is also used for Euphorbia myrsinites, a toxic, sappy spurge — always check the botanical name before you buy for a home with pets. Sedum reflexum 'Blue Spruce' — The Conifer Look-Alike If you searched for this one specifically, here is everything worth knowing. What it looks like: narrow needle-like blue-grey leaves, about half an inch long, arranged in dense spirals along creeping stems that lift at the tips. The overall effect is a spruce seedling that has been shrunk and flattened. It forms a loose mat 4–6 inches tall spreading 18–24 inches, and in early summer sends up 8-inch stems topped with clusters of bright yellow star-shaped flowers. Names: sold as Sedum reflexum, Sedum rupestre 'Blue Spruce', blue stonecrop, or blue spruce stonecrop. All the same plant. Botanists now place it in Petrosedum rupestre, but labels still say Sedum, so you will see all three Latin names in circulation. Where it excels: spilling over retaining walls, filling gaps between pavers, edging gravel paths, planted into green roofs and living walls, and as the trailing blue element in mixed succulent containers. The color contrast against dark stone or against golden 'Angelina' is genuinely striking. Requirement 'Blue Spruce' wants Light Full sun — 6+ hours. Color fades to plain green in shade. Soil Lean, gritty, fast-draining. Poor soil produces better color than rich soil. Water Very little once established. Water deeply and infrequently; tolerates real drought. Hardiness USDA zones 4–9 in most nursery listings (some tags claim zone 3 with perfect drainage). Evergreen in mild winters, often flushing pink or bronze in cold. Fertilizer None needed. Feeding causes floppy, weak growth. Spread Moderate — roots wherever stems touch soil, easy to pull back. Growing it indoors: possible but demanding, because it needs more direct sun than most windows deliver. Give it your brightest south-facing sill, a terracotta pot, gritty mix, and water only when completely dry. If stems stretch and the blue fades, it is asking for more light — our grow light guide covers supplementation. Propagation could not be simpler: break off a stem, lay it on soil, and it roots within a couple of weeks. Even fallen leaves root themselves. This is the plant to use if you want to fill a large area for free. Creeping and Trailing Sedum Varieties 1. Sedum rupestre 'Angelina' The golden twin of 'Blue Spruce'. Identical needle-like form, but chartreuse-yellow foliage that turns coppery orange in cold weather. Four inches tall, spreading readily. Planted beside 'Blue Spruce' it creates one of the best color pairings in succulent gardening. 2. Sedum spurium 'Dragon's Blood' (Phedimus spurius) Flat rounded scalloped leaves in deep bronze-red, deepening to burgundy in sun and cold, with rose-red summer flowers. Forms a tight 4-inch mat that spreads fast. The most reliable red-foliage ground cover sedum. 3. Sedum spurium 'Tricolor' Same habit as 'Dragon's Blood' but with green leaves irregularly edged in cream and pink. Needs full sun to hold variegation. Slightly less vigorous. 4. Sedum album 'Coral Carpet' Tiny bead-like green leaves on a dense 2–3 inch carpet that flushes coral-red in winter and drought. White flowers. Superb between stepping stones and one of the toughest green-roof plants available. 5. Sedum acre (goldmoss stonecrop) Very fine bright green foliage forming a moss-like 2-inch mat, covered in yellow flowers in early summer. Extremely tough and extremely enthusiastic — it self-seeds and spreads aggressively, so use it where you want colonization, not in a tidy rock garden. 6. Sedum makinoi 'Ogon' Small rounded golden leaves on a low creeping mat, 2–4 inches tall, unusually tolerant of part shade for a sedum — in hot-summer regions afternoon shade actually keeps the gold from scorching. It is only reliably hardy in about zones 6/7–9 and dislikes cold, wet winters, so most growers treat it as a container spiller. Excellent in pots, dish gardens and fairy gardens. 7. Sedum ternatum (woodland stonecrop) An eastern North American native and the exception to the sun rule: it grows happily in shade and moister soil, forming 4-inch mats of whorled green leaves with white spring flowers. The sedum for woodland edges. 8. Sedum morganianum (burro's tail, donkey tail) The classic hanging-basket sedum. Long trailing stems, up to three feet, densely packed with plump blue-green overlapping leaves. Leaves detach at the slightest touch, so hang it where nothing brushes past. A houseplant rather than a garden plant in most climates. Browse our hanging plants collection and best trailing plants for companions. 9. Sedum burrito (baby burro's tail) A shorter-leaved, rounder-beaded version of morganianum whose leaves hold on far better. If you have knocked leaves off a burro's tail one too many times, buy this instead. 10. Sedum sieboldii (October daphne, now Hylotelephium sieboldii) Arching 8-inch stems of round blue-grey leaves edged in pink, arranged in neat trios, ending in dusty pink flower clusters in autumn. Dies back completely in winter and returns in spring. Beautiful cascading from a wall or pot. 11. Sedum nussbaumerianum (coppertone stonecrop) Pointed fleshy leaves in warm apricot-orange to copper, brightest in strong sun, on short branching stems reaching 8 inches. One of the best orange succulents and a favorite in arrangements with echeverias. 12. Sedum adolphii 'Golden Glow' Similar to coppertone but yellower, with red-tinged leaf edges. Fast, easy, and forgiving. The two are so close that many references treat them as the same species — buy by the look you want rather than the label. Also popular indoors: Sedum × rubrotinctum (jelly bean plant, pork and beans) A hybrid of S. pachyphyllum and S. stahlii with glossy bean-shaped leaves that are green at the base and flush red at the tips — the stronger the sun, the redder the beans. It grows about 6–8 inches tall and sprawls to a foot or more, with yellow star flowers in spring. Hardy only in zones 9–11, so in most of the US it is a sunny-windowsill plant that can summer outdoors; bring it in before nights approach 40°F. The sap is widely reported as a skin irritant and pet-toxicity listings conflict, so keep it away from chewers. 'Aurora' is the pink-and-cream variegated form. Fallen leaves root on their own, which is how most collections start. Upright Border Sedum Varieties 13. Sedum 'Autumn Joy' (Hylotelephium) The most widely planted perennial sedum in the world. Thick grey-green stems reach 18–24 inches, topped with broad flower heads that open dusty pink in late summer, deepen to rust red, and dry to bronze that stands all winter. A magnet for bees and butterflies. Plant it in lean soil and full sun or the stems flop. 14. Sedum 'Matrona' Also a Hylotelephium. Similar structure to 'Autumn Joy' but with purple-flushed stems and grey-purple foliage, growing 24–30 inches, with soft pink flowers. Sturdier and less prone to flopping. 15. Sedum 'Purple Emperor' Dark beetroot-purple foliage all season, 15–18 inches tall, topped with dusky pink flowers. The best dark-leaved upright sedum for contrast against silver or chartreuse planting. 16. Sedum 'Autumn Charm' A variegated sport of 'Autumn Joy' with grey-green leaves broadly edged in cream, and pink flowers. Compact at 15 inches. 17. Sedum spectabile 'Brilliant' Bright rose-pink flat flower heads over light green foliage, 18 inches tall. Earlier flowering than 'Autumn Joy' and a stronger pink. Close relatives worth knowing: 'Autumn Fire' (sturdier stems, deeper rose) and 'Neon' (vivid fuchsia, 15–24 inches). 18. Sedum 'Angelina's Teacup' A newer hybrid combining upright form with golden needle foliage — a tidy 10-inch mound that behaves like a border plant but reads like a creeper. Useful in containers. Sedum Comparison Chart Variety Height Foliage Flower Zones Best use 'Blue Spruce' 4–6 in Blue-grey needles Yellow, early summer 4–9 Ground cover, walls, containers 'Angelina' 4 in Golden needles, orange in cold Yellow 3–9 Color contrast, edging 'Dragon's Blood' 4 in Bronze-red rounded Rose-red 3–9 Red ground cover 'Coral Carpet' 2–3 in Tiny green, coral in winter White 3–9 Paving gaps, green roofs Sedum acre 2 in Fine bright green Yellow 3–9 Fast colonizing, gravel Sedum ternatum 4 in Whorled green White, spring 4–8 Shade and woodland Burro's tail Trails 2–3 ft Plump blue-green beads Pink, rare 10–11 / indoors Hanging baskets Sedum sieboldii 8 in Round blue-grey, pink edge Pink, autumn 4–9 Cascading from pots Coppertone 8 in Apricot-copper White 9–11 / indoors Arrangements, color Jelly bean 6–8 in Green beans, red tips Yellow, spring 9–11 / indoors Sunny sills, dish gardens 'Ogon' 2–4 in Tiny round gold Yellow 6/7–9 Container spiller, part shade 'Autumn Joy' 18–24 in Grey-green fleshy Pink to rust, late summer 3–9 Borders, pollinators 'Matrona' 24–30 in Grey-purple Soft pink 3–9 Back of border 'Purple Emperor' 15–18 in Deep purple Dusky pink 4–9 Dark foliage contrast Indoor vs Outdoor Sedums: Which Type Goes Where The single biggest reason sedums disappoint is being grown in the wrong place. Hardy garden stonecrops want a real winter and full sun; tender Mexican species want warmth and a bright window. Use this table before you buy. Type Outdoors year-round (US) Indoors / containers 'Autumn Joy', 'Neon', 'Matrona', 'Brilliant' Zones 3–9 borders and large pots Weak and rarely flowers indoors without full sun and a winter rest — keep these outside Dragon's Blood, 'Angelina', 'Blue Spruce', S. acre, S. album Most of the US with sharp drainage; protect from winter wet at zone edges Short-term containers and very bright windows; color fades indoors 'Ogon' Zones about 6/7–9; protect from winter wet Good small-pot spiller in bright light Burro's tail, jelly bean, coppertone / 'Golden Glow' Only in zones 9–11 (burro's tail 10–11) Their main role in most of the US: hanging baskets and sunny sills, summered outside, wintered inside Indoors, the limiting factor is almost always light. A south- or west-facing window is the minimum; anything less and you get pale, stretched stems with gaps between the leaves. A full-spectrum LED run 12–14 hours a day fixes it — our grow light comparison covers what to buy. Use a terracotta pot with a drainage hole and a gritty cactus mix, and water only when the mix is dry all the way down. For the most popular indoor species, see our full burro's tail care guide and the general succulent care guide. Native alternatives. Gardeners who prefer native plants often swap the European mat-formers for Sedum ternatum in the eastern US, or Sedum spathulifolium and Sedum oreganum in the Pacific Northwest — same tough, low habit, better value for local insects. How to Grow Sedums — Universal Care Light. Full sun for nearly all varieties. Six hours minimum, more is better. In shade, creeping sedums stretch, lose their color, and become vulnerable to rot; upright varieties flop. The exceptions are Sedum ternatum and 'Ogon', which tolerate part shade. Soil. Lean and sharply drained beats rich and fertile every time. Sedums evolved on rocky outcrops with almost no soil. Heavy clay is the one thing that reliably kills them — amend with grit or plant on a slope or raised bed. Heavy, wet soil invites crown and root rot (Pythium, Phytophthora), and no fungicide fixes bad drainage. In containers, use cactus mix with extra perlite or pumice; see our soil guide. Water. Deeply but rarely. Newly planted sedums need regular water for the first few weeks to establish; after that, most garden sedums survive on rainfall alone. In pots, water when the soil is completely dry — roughly every two to three weeks in summer, far less in winter. Our succulent watering guide gives seasonal rhythms. Fertilizer. Almost never. Rich feeding produces soft, leggy growth and destroys the compact form and coloring you bought the plant for. Pruning. Cut upright varieties to the ground in late winter, just before new shoots appear — leaving the dried flower heads through winter gives structure and feeds birds. For creepers, simply pull back or shear any stems that wander too far; every piece you remove is a cutting. Propagation. The easiest of any plant family. Take 2–5 inch non-flowering stem pieces, strip the lower leaves, let them callus for a day or two, and stick them in dry gritty mix — they root in one to three weeks; water lightly after a few days. Individual leaves pressed onto damp mix form plantlets. Clumps of upright sedums can be divided in spring (or early fall in mild climates); divide every few years if the center of the clump dies out. See our succulent propagation guide. Common Problems Problem Cause Fix Mushy, translucent, blackening stems Overwatering or poor drainage Stop watering, improve drainage, take healthy cuttings and restart Stretched, pale, sparse growth Not enough sun Relocate to full sun; cut back and let it regrow compact Upright varieties flopping over Too much shade, water, or fertilizer Full sun, lean soil, no nitrogen; divide old clumps in spring; give a "Chelsea chop" — cut stems back by one-third to one-half in late spring for shorter, sturdier growth Foliage color faded to plain green Insufficient light or too much feeding More sun, no fertilizer — color returns with stress Chewed leaves, slime trails Slugs and snails, especially on upright types Grit or copper barriers; water in the morning, not evening Sudden collapse of a whole patch Crown rot in wet winter soil Replant on a slope or raised bed with grit White cottony tufts in leaf joints Mealybugs (also scale and aphids — ants are often a clue) Isolate, swab with rubbing alcohol, then insecticidal soap or horticultural oil with full contact. See our pest identification guide Center of a mat opens up or dies Shade under dense growth, age, or winter wet More light; trim out the dead patch and replant healthy edge pieces Burro's tail dropping leaves Handling, knocks, or swinging between drought and overwatering Hang out of traffic, water only when fully dry and leaves just start to wrinkle; pot the fallen leaves Goldmoss taking over Sedum acre self-seeding and running Deadhead before seed sets; edge with hardscape; keep it away from delicate alpines Sedum Quick Answers Is Sedum reflexum the same as Sedum rupestre? Yes. The names are used interchangeably for 'Blue Spruce'; botanists now file the plant under Petrosedum rupestre. Can sedums grow indoors? Trailing and tender species like burro's tail, coppertone, and 'Golden Glow' make excellent houseplants. Hardy garden creepers can be grown indoors but need a genuinely sunny window. See our sedum care guide for indoor specifics. Are sedums invasive? Not invasive in a legal sense, but Sedum acre and some spreading species colonize enthusiastically. Plant them where spread is welcome. Are sedums safe for pets? It depends on the species. The ASPCA lists burro's tail (Sedum morganianum) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but it has not cleared the genus as a whole, and jelly bean plant sap is reported as an irritant. Treat unidentified sedums with caution. Check our pet-safe houseplants guide. Do sedums come back every year? Yes in their hardiness range. Creepers stay evergreen or semi-evergreen; upright types die to the ground and reappear in spring. What grows well with sedums? Anything sharing lean soil and sun: sempervivum, echeveria, crassula, ornamental grasses, and lavender. Where to Start If you want one sedum, make it 'Blue Spruce' for foliage or 'Autumn Joy' for flowers. If you want a planting that fills itself in, combine 'Blue Spruce', 'Angelina', and 'Dragon's Blood' — blue, gold, and red at three slightly different heights, spreading into each other over a single season, and asking for nothing but sun. Explore our succulents collection, string plants, and outdoor plants, or read types of succulents for the wider picture. Growing indoors? Pick up a ready-made succulent bundle or browse small indoor plants, and if your home has pets, start from our pet-friendly plants and pet-friendly outdoor plants guide. Species deep-dive: see our full burro's tail care guide for growing Sedum morganianum indoors. Related guides: sedum care, jade plant care (another crassulaceae favorite), and types of aloe plants. Frequently Asked Questions What are the main types of sedum? Sedums fall into two broad groups. Creeping types such as Blue Spruce, Angelina, Dragon's Blood and Sedum album stay under six inches and spread into mats. Upright border types such as Autumn Joy and Matrona form two-foot clumps with big flower heads, and are now classed botanically as Hylotelephium. What is Sedum Blue Spruce? Blue Spruce is a creeping stonecrop with needle-like blue-green leaves that look like a miniature conifer. Now classed as Petrosedum rupestre, it forms a mat four to six inches tall, carries yellow summer flowers and is hardy in roughly zones 4 to 9, making it a tough, drought-tolerant groundcover for full sun. Is Autumn Joy still a sedum? Autumn Joy is still sold and grown as a sedum, but botanists now classify it as Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude', along with most tall border sedums. Nothing about its care changes: give it full sun, lean well-drained soil and no fertilizer, and leave the dried flower heads standing for winter interest. What are the best trailing sedum varieties? For spilling over walls, pots and hanging baskets, choose burro's tail (Sedum morganianum), baby burro's tail, October daphne, Angelina and Blue Spruce. All have flexible or cascading stems. Burro's tail trails the longest but drops leaves easily, so hang it somewhere nothing brushes against it. Which sedum varieties are best for groundcover? Dragon's Blood, Sedum album, Blue Spruce, Angelina and the native Sedum ternatum spread quickly into a weed-suppressing mat. They tolerate poor soil, need almost no watering once established and take light foot traffic, which makes them strong choices for slopes, gravel gardens, paving gaps and green roofs. Are sedums hardy outdoors in winter? Most garden sedums are. Dragon's Blood, Sedum album, Angelina and Autumn Joy are hardy to about zone 3 or 4 if drainage is sharp. Tender types such as burro's tail, jelly bean and coppertone survive outdoors only in zones 9 to 11, so bring pots inside before nights drop toward 40°F. Is sedum toxic to cats and dogs? It depends on the species. The ASPCA lists burro's tail as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but it has not cleared every sedum, and jelly bean plant sap is reported to irritate skin. Also beware Euphorbia myrsinites, a toxic spurge also sold as donkey tail. Check the botanical name. How do you care for sedum? Give sedums full sun, gritty free-draining soil and very little water. Overwatering and heavy clay are the two main killers. Skip fertilizer, cut tall varieties back in late winter, divide crowded clumps every few years, and grow tender species indoors in a south- or west-facing window. About the author Written and reviewed by Robert, Founder of Divine Roots — he grows, propagates and ships the plants we sell, and the care advice here reflects what actually works in our own greenhouse.

How to Care for Sedum: The Complete Guide Sedum — commonly called Stonecrop — is one of the toughest, most forgiving succulents you can grow. From trailing ground covers to upright rosette-forming varieties, Sedums thrive on neglect and reward you with interesting textures and colorful foliage. Sedum at a Glance Botanical Name Sedum spp. Common Names Sedum, Stonecrop Plant Type Succulent perennial Mature Size 2–24 inches depending on variety Light Full sun to bright light Water When soil is completely dry Humidity Low (prefers dry air) Temperature 40–90°F (many are cold-hardy) Soil Fast-draining, gritty succulent mix Toxicity Non-toxic (most species) Difficulty Very easy Light Requirements Sedums love full sun. Most varieties need at least 6 hours of direct light daily for compact growth and best coloring. Insufficient light causes stretching and loss of color. Watering Classic soak-and-dry method: water deeply when soil is completely dry, then wait until it dries again. Sedums are extremely drought-tolerant — overwatering is far more dangerous than underwatering. Summer: Every 10–14 days Winter: Every 3–4 weeks (many go semi-dormant) Soil, Temperature & Fertilizing Use fast-draining gritty succulent/cactus mix. Many Sedums are cold-hardy (some tolerate Zone 3!). Feed sparingly — once or twice during growing season with diluted succulent fertilizer. Propagation Sedums are among the easiest plants to propagate: Stem cuttings: Cut a piece, let callous for a day, place on soil. Roots in 1–2 weeks. Leaf propagation: Gently remove a leaf, lay on dry soil. New plantlets form at the base. Some Sedums drop leaves that root themselves wherever they land! Common Problems Stretching (Etiolation) Insufficient light. Move to a sunnier location. Rot Overwatering. Reduce watering and ensure fast-draining soil. 👉 Shop Sedum Blue Spruce · Shop Sedum Plant Pack Related guide: sedum varieties: every type of stonecrop, with 2026 namesFrequently Asked Questions Can Sedum grow indoors? Yes, with a very sunny window (south-facing ideal). Most Sedums also thrive outdoors and many are cold-hardy perennials. Are Sedums cold-hardy? Many Sedum species are remarkably cold-hardy — some survive to USDA Zone 3 (-40°F). Check the specific variety for hardiness ratings. How do I propagate Sedum? Simply cut a stem or remove a leaf, let it callous for a day, and place on soil. Sedums root incredibly easily — they're one of the simplest plants to propagate. Is Sedum pet-safe? Most Sedum species are non-toxic to pets. They're a safer choice for pet-friendly homes compared to many other succulents. Tough, beautiful, nearly indestructible. Shop Sedum at Divine Roots. About the author Written and reviewed by Robert, Founder of Divine Roots — he grows, propagates and ships the plants we sell, and the care advice here reflects what actually works in our own greenhouse. 🌿 Related Reading Easy Care Houseplants Best Indoor Plants for Beginners How to Care for Echeveria How to Care for Sempervivum Species deep-dive: for the trailing one everybody drops leaves off, read our complete burro's tail (Sedum morganianum) care guide.